In 2001-2002, for the first time, women earned more doctorate degrees in the United States than men, according to the National Science Foundation's "Survey of Earned Doctorates." While women have made inroads in professions like English and psychology, over all more than 70 percent of professors teaching at the country's top research institutions in the 2001-2 academic year were male. Even at the entry level, men made up nearly 60 percent of the assistant professors that year at research universities. The higher up the academic prestige ladder, the fewer women a university usually has in tenured positions.